Microsoft word - agricultural sciences p1 feb-march 2011 memo eng.doc

NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1
FEBRUARY/MARCH 2011
MEMORANDUM

MARKS: 150

This memorandum consists of 9 pages.
SECTION A

QUESTION 1.1
QUESTION 1.3
1.3.1 Proventriculus/glandular stomach √√
X√√ D
X√√ C D 1.3.3
X√√ C D
production unit √√
X√√ B C D
1.3.4 Quarantine station √√
X√√ B C D 1.3.5 Testes √√
X√√ D
QUESTION 1.2
QUESTION 1.4
1.4.2 Shed/shelter/enclosure/housing/tree TOTAL SECTION A: 45

SECTION B
QUESTION 2

2.1
The passage/movement of food in the alimentary canal Name of the specific food mixed with saliva The process of moving down the food in the alimentary canal • Peristalsis√
Name of the enzyme found in the food/bolus. The chemical change created by ptyalin/salivary amylase Breaks down/converts/changes starch/polysaccharides √ into
maltose √
Diagrams of digestive systems of farm animals
A: Rumen √
B: Omasum √
C: Abomasum √
Diagram 2 √ and
Small structures/compartments √
Undeveloped structures/compartments/rumen not developed √
Roughage/hay √
Water √
The young ruminant stomachs/rumen/reticulo-rumen are not yet developed √ and do not have the ability to digest cellulose √
Milk is a liquid and water intake will influence the quantities of milk intake/animal should not be thirsty or too full with water or oversupplied with water √
Urea as a NPN source
In the season when the pastures are dry/winter in summer rainfall area/summer in winter-rainfall area/during droughts √
The plants are pale and not green – no chlorophyll or other components that are rich in protein √
Nitrogen √
Supplied to supplement feed components/vitamins/proteins/ minerals/carbohydrates √
that are not sufficiently available to the animal √
To improve the growth of the animal √
To improve the production of the animal √ (Any 2)
Urea should be hydrolysed √
Lucerne pasture
− %DP √
= 1:4,8√
Not suitable √ and
The ratio is below 1 : 6 √
Lucerne is a good protein source/rich in proteins √
It is more expensive than other sources of carbohydrates which can rather be used for fattening purposes √ (Any 2)
The digestibility of younger plants are higher/at this stage the plant has a high digestibility √
The plants has plenty of green nutritious leaves/has a higher protein value at this stage √
The plants are still succulent/herbaceous √ (Any 1)
Ratio in which feeds are mixed
Maize meal 9% 13 parts √

Peanut-oilcake meal 38% 16 parts √
Ratio: 13 :16 √
or
13 parts maize meal mixed with 16 parts peanut-oilcake meal √ (4)
Feed Components
Feed A √
It has the highest protein content for growth √
Sodium/Na √

QUESTION 3
3.1
Structures for animal control
A/D/E √
(a) Resistant to heat and drought/hardy animal Dark skin/ pigmentation/adapted to local harsh conditions √
Very good walkers/strong legs √
(c) Very resistant to pests and parasites √
• High milk production /produce healthy and heavy weaners √
• Strong maternal instincts √ (Any 2)
The heat energy that was supposed to be used to keep them
warm √
will now be used to maximize production √
by the provision of shelter animals are kept cooler/more protected from the heat √
and will produce at higher levels √
Graph of temperature requirement for broiler chickens
At a very young age the temperature requirements is high (35 °C) and gradually becomes less up to 4 weeks of age √
It then stays constant at 20 °C √
Temperature requirements of broiler chicken√
Age in weeks√
Abnormal behaviours of livestock
hurts the animals or another √
• Abnormal reproductive behaviours √
Goat handling facility
Yes an intensive unit √ and
Capital intensive √
Kept in high density/restricted area √
Special feeding facilities/specially formulated feeds √
Animals controlled and carefully supervised √
There is a control of environmental factors √ (Any 2)
(c) C/E √
Animal manure is placed in a pit/compost heap/dumping site/landfill Animals in transit
Do not combine young and old animals together √
The floor of the truck must not be slippery √
Obtain a movement permit/other relevant documents √
Strong structures/enclosure √ (Any 3)
Meat is bruised/bloody √
Delayed rigor mortis √
Poor colour/pale meat √
Meat gets tough √ (Any 2)

QUESTION 4

4.1
The process of spermatogenesis
The primary male sex cells develop in the tubules of the testis √
form spermatozoa √
Testis √
Spermatocytogenesis √
The halving of the number of chromosomes in the reproductive cells √
To transport the genetic information to the reproductive cells (outflanking) √
Hypoplasia √
Cryptorchidism √
Sperm defects √ (Any 2)
Hormone levels of farm animals
A – FSH √
C – progesterone √
Symptoms of oestrus √
Ovulation/rupturing of the follicle/release of ovum √
The corpus luteum secrete the hormone progesterone √
Flushing of fertilised eggs/embryos from the female uterus/embryo transplantation √
flushing medium is used to move the embryos in the uterus √
The flushing medium is firstly injected into the uterus through the reproduction canal √ and
Then the flushing medium is forced out of the animal to catch the embryos √
The liquid medium protects the embryos while it is moved √ (Any 3)
A large number of offspring from a single superior animal √
Surrogate/recipient cows now reproduce valuable offspring √
Indigenous knowledge of controlling animal diseases and pests
Acaricides/contact poison √
Systemic formulation/drugs √
Ricin/organic extracts √
• Ricin is easily obtainable from the castor-bean plant √
cheap√
• The extraction process of ricin is not complicated√
• No threat of environmental pollution √
• They are not highly poisonous to the human beings/farm workers√ (Any 2)
The name of the pest that is associated with mange: • Mites/ascaris√
Poor penetration√ into the fur and skin√
Label of Lintex medication
Act 36 of 1947 √
Dry places √ (Any 1)
50% effective in more than 50% of the treated animals √
= 1 200 mℓ/1,2 litre √
= 150 mℓ √
Total: 1 200 mℓ + 150 mℓ = 1 350 mℓ √
Rotational grazing √
Avoid wet places √
Avoid keeping animals in pens √
Use biological/indigenous methods of control √ (Any 2)
TOTAL SECTION B: 105
GRAND TOTAL:

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