DIO SERIES DIETS The “Original” High Fat Diets for Diet Induced ObesityFormulas Product # Ingredient
Formulated by E. A. Ulman, Ph.D., Research Diets, Inc., 8/26/98 and 3/11/99.
*Typical analysis of cholesterol in lard = 0.95 mg/gram. D12450B -
Cholesterol (mg)/4057 kcal = 19Cholesterol (mg)/kg = 18D12451 -
Research Diets, Inc.
Copyright 2006 Research Diets, Inc. All rights reserved. DIO-1500
REFERENCES D12450B, D12451, D12492 The "Original High Fat Diets"
1. Van Heek M, et al. Diet-induced Obese Mice Develop Peripheral, but not Central Resistance
32. Hancock, A.A. et al. Antiobesity effects of A-331440, a novel non-imidazole histamine H3
to Leptin. J. Clin. Invest. 1997; 99:385-390.
receptor antagonist. European Journal of Pharmacology 487:183-197, 2004.
2. Taheri S, et al. Distribution and quantification of immunoreactive orexin A in rat tissues.
33. Hennige, A. M., et al. Upregulation of insulin receptor substrate-2 in pancreatic b cells
FEBS Lett. 1999 Aug 20; 457(1):157-61.
prevents diabetes. J. Clin. Invest. 112:1521-1532, 2003.34.
3. Nonogaki K, et al. Leptin-independent hyperphagia and type 2 diabetes in mice with a
34. Hildebrandt, A. L., D. M. Kelly-Sullivan, S. C. Black. Validation of a high-resolution X-ray
mutated serotonin 5-HT2C receptor gene. Nature Medicine 1998; 4:1152-1156.
computed tomography system to measure murine adipose tissue depot mass in situ and
4. El-Haschimi K, et al. Two defects contribute to hypothalamic leptin resistance in mice with
longitudinally. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 47: 99- 106, 2002.
diet-induced obesity. J.Clin.Invest. 2000; 105:1827-1832.
35. Hileman, S. M., D.D. Pierroz, H. Masuzaki, C. Bjørbæk, K. El-Haschimi, W. A. Banks,
5. Bush EN, et al.(Metabolic Disease Research, Abbott Laboratories) Adiposity, Leptin
and J. S. Flier. Characterization of Short Isoforms of the Leptin Receptor in Rat Cerebral
Resistance, Hyperrphagia, Hyperglycemia, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance in
Microvessels and of Brain Uptake of Leptin in Mouse Models of Obesity. Endocrinology
C57BL/6J Mice Fed High Fat Diets. Endocrine Society Annual Mtg. 2001, Poster Session.
6. Shapiro ME, et al. (Metabolic Disease Research, Abbott Laboratories) Effects of Treatment
36. Ishii, M., H. Fei, and J. M. Friedman. Targeted disruption of GPR7, the endogenous receptor
of C57BL/6j Mice Fed High vs. Low Fat Diets with Metformin or Rosiglitazone on
for neuropeptides B and W, leads to metabolic defects and adult-onset obesity. PNAS
Adiposity, Food Intake, Hyperglycemia and Insulin Resistance. Endocrine Society Annual Meeting 2001, Poster Session.
37. Joseph, J. W., V. Koshkin, C-Y Zhang, J. Wang, B. B. Lowell, C. B. Chan, and M.B.
7. Masuzaki H, Paterson J, Shinyama H, Morton NM, Mullins JJ, Seckl JR, Flier JS. A
Wheeler. Uncoupling Protein 2 Knockout Mice Have Enhanced Insulin Secretory Capacity
Transgenic Model of Visceral Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome. Science. 2001;
After a High-Fat Diet. Diabetes 51:3211-3219, 2002.
38. Kim, S., et al. Effects of High-Fat, Angiotensinogen (agt) Gene Inactivation, and Targeted
8. Razani B, Combs TP, Wang XB, Frank PG, Park DS, Russell RG, Li M, Tang B, Jelicks LA,
Expression to Adipose Tissue on Lipid Metabolism and Renal Gene Expression. Horm
Scherer PE, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-1 deficient mice are lean, resistant to diet-induced obesity,
and show hyper-triglyceridemia with adipocyte abnormalities. J. Biol. Chem. 2001; (in
39. Kumar, M. V., T. Shimokawa, T. R. Nagy, and M. D. Lane. Differential effects of a centrally
acting fatty acid synthase inhibitor in lean and obese mice. PNAS 99:4: 1921-1925, 2002.
9. Valet P, Grujic D, Wade J, Ito M, Zingaretti MC, Soloveva V, Ross SR, Graves RA, Cinti S,
40. Lambert, P. D., et al. Ciliary neurotrophic factor activates leptin-like pathways and reduces
Lafontan M, and Lowell BB. Expression of human alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in adipose
body fat, without cachexia or rebound weight gain, even in leptin-resistant obesity. PNAS
tissue of beta 3-adrenergic receptor-deficient mice promotes diet-induced obesity.
J.Biol.Chem. 275: 34797-34802, 2000.
41. Le Laya, S., et al. Decreased Resistin Expression in Mice with Different Sensitivities to a
10. Vidal-Puig AJ, Grujic D, Zhang CY, Hagen T, Boss O, Ido Y, Szczepanik A, Wade J,
High-Fat Diet. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 289:2:564-567,
Mootha V, Cortright R, Muoio DM, and Lowell BB. Energy metabolism in uncoupling
protein 3 gene knockout mice. J.Biol.Chem. 275: 16258-16266, 2000.
42. Li, J., K. Takaishi, W. Cook, S. K. McCorkle, and R. H. Unger. Insig-1 ''brakes'' lipogenesis
11. Ziotopoulou M, Mantzoros CS, Hileman SM, & Flier JS. Differential expression of
in adipocytes and inhibits differentiation of preadipocytes. PNAS 100:16:9476-9481, 2003.
hypothalamic neuropeptides in the early phase of diet-induced obesity in mice. Am. J.
43. Ludwig, D. S., et al. Melanin-concentrating hormone overexpression in transgenic mice
Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 279:E383-E845, 2000.
leads to obesity and insulin resistance. J. Clin. Invest. 107:379-386, 2001.
12. Scrocchi LA & Drucker DJ. Effects of Aging and a High Fat Diet on Body Weight and
44. Moon, Y. S., et al. Mice Lacking Paternally Expressed Pref-1/Dlk1 Display Growth
Glucose Tolerance in Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor -/- Mice. Endocrinology 139:3127-
Retardation and Accelerated Adiposity. Molecular And Cellular Biology 22:15: 5585-5592,
13. Ghibaudi L, Cook J, Farley C, Van Heek M, & Hwa J.Fat Intake Affects Adiposity,
45. Murray, I., A. D. Sniderman, P. J. Havel, and K. Cianflonei. Acylation Stimulating Protein
Comorbidity Factors, and Energy Metabolism of Sprague-Dawley Rats. Obes. Res. 10:956-
(ASP) Deficiency Alters Postprandial and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Male Mice. The Journal Of Biological Chemistry 274:51:36219-36225, 1999.
14. Dube MG, Beretta E, Dhillon H, Ueno N, Kalra PS & Kalra SP. Central Leptin Gene
46. Phan,L. K., F. Lin, C. A. LeDuc, W. K. Chung, and R. L. Leibel. The mouse mahoganoid
Therapy Blocks High-Fat Diet-Induced Weight Gain, Hyperleptinemeia, and
coat color mutation disrupts a novel C3HC4 RING domain protein.
Hyperinsulinemia. Diabetes 51:1729-1736, 2001. J. Clin. Invest. 110:1449-1459, 2002.
15. Tang H, Vasselli JR, Wu EX, Boozer CN, & Gallagher D. High-Resolution Magnetic
47. Pierroz, D. D., M. Ziotopoulou, L. Ungsunan, S. Moschos, J. S. Flier, and C. S. Mantzoros.
Resonance Imaging Tracks Changes in Organ and Tissue Mass in Obese and Aging Rats. Am
Effects of Acute and Chronic Administration of the Melanocortin Agonist MTII in Mice With
J Physiol (Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol) 282:R890-R899, 2002.
Diet-Induced Obesity. Diabetes 51:1337-1345, 2002.
16. Bowen H, Mitchell TD, & Harris RBS (Dept. of Foods and Nutr, U of Georgia). Method of
48. Rosenfeld, C. S., K. M. Grimm, K. A. Livingston, A. M. Brokman, W. E. Lamberson, and
Leptin Dosing, Strain, and Group Housing Influence Leptin Sensitivity in High-Fet-Fed
R. M. Roberts. Striking variation in the sex ratio of pups born to mice according to whether
Weanling Mice. AJP-Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284:R87-R100, 2003.
maternal diet is high in fat or carbohydrate. PNAS 100:8:4628-4632, 2003.
17. Harris RBS, Mitchell TD, & Hebert S (Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton
49. Chirala, S. S., et al. Fatty acid synthesis is essential in embryonic development: Fatty acid
Rouge, LA). Leptin-Induced Changes in Body Composition in High Fat-Fed Mice. AJP-
synthase null mutants and most of the heterozygotes die in utero. PNAS 100:11:6358-6363,
Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284:R87-R100, 2003.
18. Anini, Y. and Brubaker, P. L. Role of Leptin in the Regulation of Glucagon-Like
50. Takahashi, N., et al. Divergent Effects of Leptin in Mice Susceptible or Resistant to Obesity.
Peptide-1 Secretion. Diabetes 52:252-259, 2003. Horm Metab Res 34:691-697, 2002.
19. Bluher, S., Responsiveness to Peripherally Administered Melanocortins in Lean and Obese
51. Thupari, J. N., L. E. Landree, G. V. Ronnett, and F. P. Kuhajda. C75 increases peripheral
Mice. Diabetes 53:82-90, 2004.
energy utilization and fatty acid oxidation in diet-induced obesity. PNAS 99:14:9498-9502,
20. Brunengraber, D. Z., et al. Influence of diet on the modeling of adipose tissue
triglycerides during growth. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285: E917-E925, 2003.
52. Tortoriello, D. V., J. Mcminn, and S. C. Chua. Dietary-Induced Obesity and Hypothalamic
21. Challis, B. G., et al. Mice lacking pro-opiomelanocortin are sensitive to high-fat feeding but
Infertility in Female DBA/2J Mice. Endocrinology 145: 1238-1247, 2004.
respond normally to the acute anorectic effects of peptide-YY3-36. PNAS 101: 13: 4695-
53. Weisberg, S. P., et al. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J. Clin. Invest. 112:1796-1808, 2003.
22. Cohen, A. W., B. Razani, X. B. Wang, T. P. Combs, T. M. Williams, P. E. Scherer, and M. P.
54. Xu, H. et al. Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-
Lisanti. Caveolin-1-deficient mice show insulin resistance and defective
related insulin resistance. J. Clin. Invest. 112:1821-1830, 2003.
insulin receptor protein expression in adipose tissue. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 285: C222-
55. Yamashita, T., et al. Enhanced insulin sensitivity in mice lacking ganglioside GM3. PNAS
23. Combs, T. P., et al. A Transgenic Mouse with a Deletion in the Collagenous Domain of
56. Bagnasco, M., M. G. Dube, A. Katz, P. S. Kalra, and S. P. Kalra. Leptin Expression In
Adiponectin Displays Elevated Circulating Adiponectin and Improved Insulin Sensitivity.
Hypothalamic Pvn Reverses Dietary Obesity And Hyperinsulinemia But Stimulates Ghrelin.
Endocrinology 145:367-383, 2004. Obes Res. 11:1463-1470, 2003.
24. Conarello, S. L., et al. Mice lacking dipeptidyl peptidase IV are protected against obesity
57. Borowsky, B., et al. Antidepressant, anxiolytic and anorectic effects of a melanin-
and insulin resistance. PNAS, 100:11: 6825-6830, 2003.
concentrating hormone-1 receptor antagonist. Nature Medicine 8:8:825-830, 2002.
25. Dhar, M. S., et al. Mice Heterozygous for Atp10c, a Putative Amphipath, Represent a Novel
58. Chan, C. B., et al. Increased Uncoupling Protein-2 Levels in b-cells Are Associated With
Model of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. J. Nutr. 134: 799-805, 2004.
Impaired Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion. Diabetes 50:1302-1310, 2001.
26. El-Haschimi, K., S. D. Dufresne, M. F. Hirshman, J. S. Flier, L. J. Goodyear, and C.
59. Chen, L. and B. L. G. Nyomba. Glucose Intolerance and Resistin Expression in Rat
Bjørbæk. Insulin Resistance and Lipodystrophy in Mice Lacking Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2.
Offspring Exposed to Ethanol in Utero: Modulation by Postnatal High-Fat Diet.
Endocrinology 144:500-508, 2003.
27. Felipe, F., M. L. Bonet, J. Ribot, and A. Palou. Modulation of Resistin Expression by
60. Farley, C., J. A. Cook, B. D. Spar, T. M. Austin, and T. J. Kowalski. Meal Pattern Analysis
Retinoic Acid and Vitamin A Status. Diabetes 53:882-889, 2004.
Of Diet-Induced Obesity In Susceptible And Resistant Rats. Obes Res. 11:845-851, 2003.
28. Felipe, F., M.L. Bonet, J. Ribot and A. Palou. Up-regulation of muscle uncoupling protein 3
61. Gao, J., L. Ghibaudi, M. Van Heek, J. J. Hwa. Characterization of diet-induced obese rats
gene expression in mice following high fat diet, dietary vitamin A supplementation and acute
that develop persistent obesity after 6 months of high-fat followed by 1 month of low-fat
retinoic acid-treatment. International Journal of Obesity 27: 60-69, 2003.
diet. Brain Research 936:87-90, 2002.
29. Fu, J., et al. Oleylethanolamide regulates feeding and body weight through activation of the
62. Ogilvie, K. M., R. Saladin, T. R. Nagy, M. S. Urcan, R. A. Heyman, and M. D. Leibowitz.
nuclear receptor PPAR. Nature 425:90-93, 2003.
Activation of the Retinoid X Receptor Suppresses Appetite in the Rat. Endocrinology
30. Gavrilova, O., et al. Liver Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Contributes to
Hepatic Steatosis, Triglyceride Clearance, and Regulation of Body Fat Mass. The Journal of
63. Shklyaev, S., et al. Sustained peripheral expression of transgene adiponectin offsets the
Biological Chemistry 278:36:34268-34276, 2003.
development of diet-induced obesity in rats. PNAS 100:24:14217-14222, 2003.
31. Haluzík, M., O. Gavrilova and D. LeRoith. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-
64. Hildebrandt, A. L., D. M. Kelly-Sullivan, S. C. Black. Antiobesity effects of chronic
Deficiency Does Not Alter Insulin Sensitivity in Mice Maintained on Regular or High-Fat
cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist treatment in diet-induced obese mice. European
Diet: Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp Studies. Endocrinology 145:1662-1667, 2004. Journal of Pharmacology 462:125-132, 2003.
F O R S C H U N G S F I N A N Z I E R U N G Die gekaufte Wissenschaft Unternehmen bestellen Studien, engagieren Professoren und finanzieren ganze Institute, die in ihrem Sinne forschen. An den Universitäten ist die Wirtschaft zu einer verborgenen Macht herangewachsen. VON Kerstin Kohlenberg;Yassin Musharbash | 01. August 2013 - 08:00 Uhr Humboldt-Universität in Berlin, Archivbild au
LE NUOVE TECNICHE PUBBLICITARIE DELL'INDUSTRIA FARMACEUTICA Per vendere medicinali inventano malattie Il metodo aveva già fatto la fortuna del dottor Knock di Jules Romains: ogni individuo sano che entrava nel suo studio ne usciva malato, e pronto a pagare qualsiasi cifra per guarire. Come lui, alcune imprese farmaceutiche, raggiunto il tetto del mercato dei malati, si orientan